There’s no reason not to take advantage of all of the grants this university provides us.

Sometimes I feel like he was just taking advantage of me. I made so much more money than him, after all.

Our average viewership has spiked over the last month.

I was humbled by the warm greetings and hospitality of the locals during our visit to Seoul.

I experienced Southern hospitality in a small town in Nashville.  

Listen to passage 1 and summarize it in your own words. (You may choose to listen to the passage before your lesson, or ask your tutor to read the passage.)

1번 지문을 듣고 자신의 말로 요약하십시오. (수업 전에 지문을 듣거나 튜터에게 지문을 읽어 달라고 요청할 수 있습니다.)

[Following Q1] Were you surprised to learn that Gen Z is buying homes at higher rates than the previous two generations?

[1번 질문에 이어서] Z세대가 이전 두 세대보다 더 높은 비율로 주택을 구입한다는 사실에 놀라셨나요?

[Following Q2] What are the advantages and disadvantages of homeownership compared to renting?

[2번 질문에 이어서] 주택을 소유하는 것과 임대하는 것의 장단점은 무엇인가요?

[Following Q3] Can you foresee any potential downsides or risks associated with significant numbers of young adults entering the housing market?

[3번 질문에 이어서] 많은 수의 청년층이 주택 시장에 진입하면서 발생할 수 있는 잠재적인 단점이나 위험을 예상할 수 있나요?

Listen to passage 2 and summarize it in your own words. (You may choose to listen to the passage before your lesson, or ask your tutor to read the passage.)

2번 지문을 듣고 자신의 말로 요약하십시오. (수업 전에 지문을 듣거나 튜터에게 지문을 읽어 달라고 요청할 수 있습니다.)

[Following Q5] Have you ever visited or lived in the United States? How did you feel about the tipping culture there? Explain.

[5번 질문에 이어서] 미국에 방문하거나 거주한 적이 있나요? 그곳의 팁 문화에 대해 어떻게 느끼셨나요?

[Following Q6] Do you believe tipping should be a standard practice worldwide? Why or why not?

[6번 질문에 이어서] 전 세계적으로 팁을 주는 것이 표준 관행이 되어야 한다고 생각하십니까? 왜 또는 왜 그렇지 않은가요?

[Following Q7] How does tipping culture in the United States compare to practices in other countries?

[7번 질문에 이어서] 미국의 팁 문화는 다른 나라의 관행과 어떻게 비교되나요?

If you have a question or questions that you'd like to discuss during your class, please write them down.

궁금한 점이 있거나 수업 중에 얘기해 보고 싶은 질문이 있으면 적어주세요.

Practice makes perfect!

[Practice] Summarize what you heard in your own words (7) (SPA)

연습하면 확실히 늡니다!

<span style="12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Summarizing passages that you just heard or read in your own words is one of the most effective ways to improve your English skills.  <span style="12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">In this material, we’ve provided you with minute-long audio excerpts of some of our most popular materials. Listen to the audio and practice summarizing the main ideas using your own words. <span style="12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">For New-comers: A How-To Guide<span style="12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">1) Ask your tutor to read the passage twice at the beginning of the lesson. <span style="12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">2) Carefully familiarize yourself with the main ideas of the listening and summarize them in your own words. <span style="12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">3) Each passage will have three follow-up questions for you to address. <span style="12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">*It is recommended that you choose “Paraphrasing-Focused” for this lesson. (Go to Prep&Lesson > Set Lesson Style > Paraphrasing-focused > Intermittent Paraphrasing) <span style="12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">*This lesson is designed to aid in preparing for the summarizing portion of English <span style="12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">proficiency tests (like the TOEFL Speaking or SPA). More generally, this lesson can help enhance English listening and speaking skills. <span style="12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-style: italic; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">*Please make sure not to read the transcriptions below before you practice summarizing!  <span style="12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Passage 1) Gen Z Homebuyers<span style="12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> (Audio 1_1:24~2:12) (Audio 2_2:16~3:05) <span style="12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Passage 2) Tipping Culture<span style="12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> (Audio 1_3:07~4:05) (Audio 2_4:08~5:06) <span style="12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Audio transcription  <span style="12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Passage 1) Gen Z Homebuyers <span style="12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">According to real estate company Redfin, 30% of 19-to-25-year-olds in the US owned their own homes in 2022. Despite student debt and other burdens, Gen Z took advantage of a strong labor market and favorable housing market to secure keys to their castles. Since April 2020, the economy has added 24 million jobs, many of which offered favorable work-from-home and hybrid opportunities, not to mention strong wages and good benefits. These working conditions, low interest rates, and mortgage rates made the housing market favorable for young home buyers, who <span style="12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">took advantage of [1]<span style="12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> its hospitality before interest rates <span style="12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">spiked [2] <span style="12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">over the last year. <span style="12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Passage 2) Tipping Culture <span style="12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">The United States is known for its tips. No, not its pieces of advice, but the cultural practice of tipping, or “the act of giving an amount of money to someone who has provided a service.” The most frequent recipients of tips are waiters, concierges, and other members of the food service, <span style="12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">hospitality [3]<span style="12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">, and service industries, like taxi drivers. While tipping culture in the US is historic, nowadays, it seems that it has expanded to include nearly all industries, leaving many customers confused—and frustrated—about the practice. <span style="12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">One should tip workers earning the tipped minimum wage, such as waiters and bartenders. A normal tip in most places is between 11% and 20%, with the average being 16%. Anything below that range is often seen as rude, while anything above it is considered generous.

<span style="12pt; font-family: Nanum Myeongjo, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">바로 들은 내용이나 읽은 지문을 스스로의 표현으로 요약하는 것은 가장 효과적인 영어 학습 방법 중 하나입니다.  <span style="12pt; font-family: Nanum Myeongjo, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">본 교재에서 링글의 인기 교재 지문의 일부를 발췌해서 1분 가량의 오디오를 제공해드립니다. 오디오를 듣거나 읽은 후 여러분의 표현으로 주요 부분을 요약하는 연습을 해보세요.  <span style="12pt; font-family: Nanum Myeongjo, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">본 수업이 처음인 여러분을 위한 안내<span style="12pt; font-family: Nanum Myeongjo, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">1) 수업 전 미리 오디오를 듣거나, 수업 시작 때 튜터에게 지문을 2번 읽어 줄 것을 요청하세요.<span style="12pt; font-family: Nanum Myeongjo, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">2) 들은 내용의 핵심 내용을 파악하여 여러분의 표현으로 요약해 보세요.<span style="12pt; font-family: Nanum Myeongjo, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">3) 여러분이 다룰 각 지문에 대한 후속 질문도 3개씩 있습니다. <span style="12pt; font-family: Nanum Myeongjo, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">*<span style="12pt; font-family: Nanum Myeongjo, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">“<span style="12pt; font-family: Nanum Myeongjo, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">교정 중심” 수업을 선택할 것을 권장합니다. (예습&복습 > 학습 설정 > 교정 중심 > 간헐적인 교정으로 설정하세요) <span style="12pt; font-family: Nanum Myeongjo, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">*본 교재는 TOEFL iBT 말하기/SPA 등의 영어 능력 시험 중 요약 파트 준비를 돕기 위해 만들어졌습니다. 더 일반적으로 이 수업은 영어 듣기와 말하기 실력 향상에 도움이 됩니다.  <span style="12pt; font-family: Nanum Myeongjo, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: 700; font-style: italic; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">*요약 연습을 하기 전에 아래 오디오에 대한 텍스트를 읽지 않도록 해주세요! <span style="12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Passage 1) Gen Z Homebuyers<span style="12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> (Audio 1_1:24~2:12) (Audio 2_2:16~3:05) <span style="12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">Passage 2) Tipping Culture<span style="12pt; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"> (Audio 1_3:07~4:05) (Audio 2_4:08~5:06) <span style="12pt; font-family: Nanum Myeongjo, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">오디오에 대한 텍스트 <span style="12pt; font-family: Nanum Myeongjo, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">지문1) Z세대의 주택 구매 <span style="12pt; font-family: Nanum Myeongjo, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">부동산 회사 레드핀에 따르면 2022년 기준 미국의 19~25세의 30퍼센트가 자기 주택을 소유하고 있습니다. 학자금 부채와 기타 부담에도 불구하고 Z세대는 탄탄한 노동시장과 주택구매에 유리한 시장 이점을 활용해 내 집 열쇠를 마련하는 데 성공했습니다. 2020년 4월 이후 경기는 2천 400만 개의 일자리를 창출했으며, 이 중 상당수는 높은 임금과 좋은 복리후생은 물론 재택근무와 하이브리드 근무라는 유리한 기회를 제공했습니다. 이러한 근무 조건, 낮은 이자율과 주택 담보 대출 금리 덕분에 주택시장은 젊은 주택 구매자들에게 유리하게 형성되었으며, 이들은 작년에 금리가 급등하기 전에 이러한 주택시장의 환대를 적극 이용했습니다. <span style="12pt; font-family: Nanum Myeongjo, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 700; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">지문2) 미국의 팁 문화 <span style="12pt; font-family: Nanum Myeongjo, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">미국은 팁으로 유명한 나라입니다. 아니, 요령을 알려주는 그런 팁이 아니라 팁을 주는 문화적 관행, 즉 "서비스를 제공한 사람에게 일정 액수의 돈을 주는 행위" 말입니다. 주로 팁을 받는 사람들은 웨이터, 호텔 등에서 손님을 돕는 직원 그리고 기타 요식업, 접객업, 또 택시운전사와 같은 서비스업 종사자입니다. 미국의 팁 문화는 오래되긴 했지만, 오늘날에는 거의 모든 업계로 확대되어 많은 고객이 이 관행에 대해 혼란스러워하고 괴로워하는 듯이 보입니다. 웨이터나 바텐더와 같이 팁 받는 것을 전제로 책정된 최저임금을 받는 근로자들에게는 반드시 팁을 주어야 합니다. 대부분의 장소에서 팁은 대개 11-20퍼센트 사이이며 평균은 16퍼센트입니다. 이 범위 보다 작은 팁은 종종 무례한 것으로 여겨지고 그 이상은 관대한 것으로 간주됩니다.